Physics: Systems and Applications

 

Physics Links

Student Edition

Teacher's Manual

Student Exercise Manual

Links

The following list of websites is a compilation of all the links presented throughout the text.

Unit A: Simple Motion
Science and Human Values—Aristotle http://www.rit.edu/~flwstv/aristotle1.html, 4
Scientists and Electromagnetic Waves: Maxwell and Hertz http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/consider.html, 8
Galileo Galilei http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/catalogo/ (link: Biographies; G; Galilei, Galileo), 9

Unit B: Applications of Simple Motion 
Motor Trend—Road Tests http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/, 34
Rifling http://www.firearmsid.com/A_bulletIDrifling.htm, 39
Bernoulli’s Principle http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aerojava/pic3-2.htm, 44

Unit C: Forces 
Robert Hooke http://www.rod.beavon.clara.net/robert_hooke.htm, 50
Sir Isaac Newton http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Newton.html, 60
Inertia http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761552158/Inertia.html, 61
Ernst Mach http://www.phy.bg.ac.yu/web_projects/giants/mach.html, 61
NASA Riblets for Stars & Stripes http://oea.larc.nasa.gov/PAIS/Riblets.html

Unit D: Motion and Forces in Two Dimensions 
How it Works: Sailboats http://seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov/OCEAN_PLANET/HTML/pskh1.html, 91
BoatSafe Kids http://www.boatsafe.com/kids/033199kidsques.htm, 91
Atlas of America’s Polluted Waters http://www.epa.gov/owow/tmdl/atlas/index.html, 95
Galileo FlightTracker http://www.trip.com/trs/cheaptickets/galileo_flight_tracker/galileo_home.xslm, 99

Unit E: Projectile Motion 
The Geometry of War http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/geometry/essay.htm, 106

Unit F: Orbital Motion 
Motion in a Circle http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Scircul.htm, 122
Kepler and His Laws http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Skeplaws.htm, 129
May Earth Be Revolving Around the Sun? http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sarist.htm, 130
Nicolaus Copernicus http://www.frombork.art.pl/Ang02.htm, 131
Discovery of the Solar System http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Ssolsys.htm, 131
Applying Kepler’s Third Law http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sappl3rd.htm, 132
Ellipses and Kepler’s First Law http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Skepl1st.htm, 132
Kepler’s Second Law http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Skepl2nd.htm, 132
Kepler’s Third Law http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Skepl3rd.htm, 132
How Orbital Motion is Calculated http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Smotion.htm, 133
Robert Hooke http://www.rod.beavon.clara.net/robert_hooke.htm, 137
Solar System Orbit Diagrams and Distribution Graphs http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/orbit_diagrams.html, 142
J-Track Satellite Tracking http://science.nasa.gov/Realtime/JTrack/, 145
Volpe Center: Overview of GPS http://www.volpe.dot.gov/gps/about.html, 147
Our Restless Tides http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/restles1.html, 148
Pluto http://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/pluto.html, 149
Newton’s Theory of “Universal Gravitation” http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov/stargaze/Sgravity.htm, ?
Comet Observation Home Page http://encke.jpl.nasa.gov/
The Astronomy Café http://www.astronomycafe.net
US Naval Observatory http://www.usno.navy.mil/

Unit G: Balanced Forces and Torques 
Inventor’s Toolbox: The Elements of Machines http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/InventorsToolbox.html, 167
Maria Goeppert Mayer http://www.anl.gov/Science_and_Technology/History/mgm.html, 168
Marie Curie http://www.france.diplomatie.fr/label_france/ENGLISH/SCIENCES/CURIE/marie.html, 168
Mary Fairfax Greig Somerville http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Somerville.html, 168
Women of NASA http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/intro.html, 169
American Physical Society Education and Outreach http://www.aps.org/educ/program.cfm, 169
Association for Women Geoscientists http://www.awg.org, 169
Association for Women in Science http://www.awis.org, 169
Association for Women in Mathematics http://www.awm-math.org, 169
Advocates for Women in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics http://www.saturdayacademy.org/group/awsem/default.aspx, 169
Women in Physics Group http://groups.iop.org/WP/, 169
Society of Women Engineers http://www.swe.org, 169
Committee on Women in Science and Engineering http://www7.nationalacademies.org/cwse/, 169
Women in Science—Listing by Discipline http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/discipline.shtml
Einstein’s Manuscript Goes Unsold http://www.cnn.com/TECH/9603/einstein/
Contributions of 20th Century Women to Physics http://cwp.library.ucla.edu

Unit H: Conservation Laws 
Mars Pathfinder Airbags http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/MPF/mpf/mpfairbags.html, 176
Newton’s Cradle http://www.walter-fendt.de/ph14e/ncradle.htm, 183
Information about Super-Kamiokande http://www.ps.uci.edu/~superk/sk-info.html, 183
Spacetime Wrinkles http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/NumRel/NumRelHome.html, 210
The Light Cone http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/LIGHTCONE/introduction.html, 210
Abrasive Water Jet http://www.jitwaterjet.com/faq.html, 214
James Watt http://www.history.rochester.edu/steam/carnegie/

Unit I: Heat Energy and the Kinetic Molecular Model 
Robert Boyle http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Boyle.html, 225
Bernoulli’s Principle http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aerojava/pic3-2.htm, 225
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Fact Sheet http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/ert/otec_hi.html, 249

Unit J: Home Energy and Conservation 
Wind Chill Chart http://observe.arc.nasa.gov/nasa/earth/wind_chill/chill_applet.html
National Wind Technology Center http://www.nrel.gov/wind/
Geothermal Energy http://www.eere.energy.gov/RE/geothermal.html
Wind Energy http://www.eere.energy.gov/RE/wind.html
Atmospheric Deposition http://btdqs.usgs.gov/acidrain/Program.pdf/USGS, 258
Office of Air & Radiation http://www.epa.gov/oar, 258
SOx-NOx-Rox Box Flue Gas Cleanup Demonstration Project http://www.netl.doe.gov/cctc/summaries/snrb/roxboxdemo.html, 258
American Wind Energy Association http://www.awea.org, 270
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy http://www.eere.energy.gov, 270
California Energy Commission Homepage http://www.energy.ca.gov, 270
Windpower Monthly http://windpower-monthly.com, 270
Solar Map http://www.homepower.com/education/solar_map.cfm, 275, 276
Solar Radiation Data Manual for Buildings http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/bluebook/state.html, 275, 277

Unit K: Mechanical Waves 
The Camera Shop—Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure http://www.camerashoptacoma.com/narrows.asp, 285
Play a Piano http://www.frontiernet.net/~imaging/plan_a_piano.html, 287
Physics Is a Sound Investment http://www.aip.org/success/soundinvestment/index.htm, 297
Seismic Waves http://www.seismo.unr.edu/ftp/pub/louie/class/100/seismic-waves.html, 305
Acoustic Instruments http://arts.ucsc.edu/ems/music/tech_background/TE-13/teces_13.html, 311

Unit L: Light

Part 1—Linear propagation of light
Willebrord van Roijen Snell http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Snell.html, 330
A Fiber-Optic Chronology http://www.sff.net/people/Jeff.Hecht/Chron.html, 338

Part 2—The wave-particle nature of light
Christiaan Huygens http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Huygens.html, 340
Isaac Newton Opticks http://secure.octavo.com/editions/nwtopt/#, 340

Part 3—More sophisticated phenomena explained using the wave theory
Thomas Young http://www.rigb.org/rimain/heritage/ripeople.jsp (link: Young, Thomas), 353
Augustin Jean Fresnel http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Fresnel.html, 354
USGS Spectroscopy Lab http://speclab.cr.usgs.gov, 369
Spectroscopy Magazine http://www.spectroscopymag.com/spectroscopy/, 369
Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You—Subtractive Colors http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/light/subtractive.html, 370
Neitz Color Vison Lab http://www.mcw.edu/cellbio/colorvision/introduction.html, 370
James Bradley http://infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0808673.html, 374
Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You—Albert Michelson http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/michelson.html, 374
Etienne Louis Malus http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Malus.html, 378
Molecular Expressions: Science, Optics and You—Polarization of Light http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/primer/java/scienceopticsu/polarizedlight/filters/index.html, 379
Edwin Herbert Land http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/91.html, 383
John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Rayleigh.html, 385
Johann Wilhelm Ritter http://wwww.bioanalytical.com/info/calendar/97/ritter.htm, 387
Molecular Espressions: Science, Optics and You—Friedrich William Herschel http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/ herschel.html, 387
Hand-Drawn Holograms http://www.amasci.com/amateur/holo1.html, 388
Holophile, Inc—The History and Development of Holography http://www.holophile.com/history.htm, 388

Unit M: Lenses and Telescopes
Understanding Lenses http://www.shortcourses.com/using/lenses/chapter5.htm, 397
Light Pollution Resources http://web.lemoyne.edu/~mcmahon/lp.html, 400
History of the Microscope http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blmicroscope.htm, 401
The World’s Largest Optical Telescopes http://astro.nineplanets.org/bigeyes.html, 403

Unit N: Electric Forces and Fields
William Gilbert http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/catalogo/ (link: Biographies; G; Gilbert, William), 408
Rheology Research Center http://rrc.engr.wisc.edu/web_rheology.html, 412
Rheology http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0841706.html, 412
Otto von Guericke http://galileo.imss.fi.it/vuoto/egueri.html, 414
Benjamin Franklin http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/facts/index.htm, 414
Joseph Priestley http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/priestly/priestly.html, 423
Charles Augustin de Coulomb http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Coulomb.html, 423
Severe Weather Awareness—Lightning http://www.erh.noaa.gov/er/cae/svrwx/ltg.htm, 428
Sun http://www.oulu.fi/~spaceweb/textbook/sun.html, 430
Robert Jemison Van de Graaff http://tvdg10.phy.bnl.gov/vandegraaff.html, 432
History of the Van de Graaff Generator http://www.mos.org/sln/toe/history.html, 432

Unit O: Electric Current 
Luigi Galvani http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov/galvani.htm, 440
André Marie Ampère http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ampere.html, 440
SolarCentury http://www.solarcentury.co.uk/, 445
Fuel Cells http://www.fuelcells.org, 446
Semiconductor History http://www.micron.com/k12/semiconductors/history.html, 447
Semiconductor Manufacturing: Fabrication http://www.micron.com/k12/semiconductors/fab.html, 447
Jack St. Clair Kilby http://www.ti.com/corp/docs/kilbyctr/jackstclair.shtml, 454
Computer Aided Design (CAD) http://www.compinfo-center.com/cad/cad.htm, 455
Electron Gun http://physics.csustan.edu/java/tutorials/EM/ElectronGun/ElectronGun.htm, 458
Thomas Alva Edison http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/50.html, 460
Georg Simon Ohm http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Ohm.html, 462
Innovations in Lighting http://www.lamptech.com/Pages/innovat-f.htm, 466, 467
Robert A. Millikan http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html, 472
NASA Neurolab http://neurolab.jsc.nasa.gov

Unit P: Electromagnetism 
Hans Oersted http://electricuniverse.com/flash/eu/education/louie/sh/human/inventors/oersted.html, 476
Ampere’s Law http://www.ee.byu.edu/ee/em/amplaw2.htm, 478
Superconducting Materials http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/pg110s95.html, 481
Demonstrating Magnetic Levitation and Persistent Current http://www.calpoly.edu/~rbrown/levitation.html, 486
Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism—Pulsed Magnets http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/pulsedmagnet/index.html, 486
Cow Magnets http://k12.magnet.fsu.edu/curriculum/maglab_alpha/guidebook/docs/ExplorationA.pdf, 486
Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism—Crookes Tube: Cathode Rays http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/crookestube/, 492
J. J. Thomson http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1906/thomson-bio.html, 494
The Mass Spectrometer http://www.chemguide.co.uk/analysis/masspec/howitworks.html, 496
Sun http://www.oulu.fi/~spaceweb/textbook/sun.html, 500
Michael Faraday http://www.iee.org/TheIEE/Research/Archives/Exhibitons/Faraday/index.cfm, 500
Molecular Expressions: Electricity and Magnetism—Lenz’s Law http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/lenzlaw/, 506

Unit Q: Electromagnetic Waves 
James Clerk Maxwell http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Maxwell.html, 520
Scientists and Electromagnetic Waves: Maxwell and Hertz http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/consider.html, 523
The Electromagnetic Spectrum http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/index.html, 525
Ultraviolet Waves http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/uv.html, 526
Legacy Archive for Microwave Background Data Analysis http://lambda.gsfc.nasa.gov, 526
All About Ozone http://factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0800624.html, 528
Development of Radio Technology http://factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0860619.html, 529
Auroras http://www.exploratorium.edu/auroras/index.html, 533
Sun http://www.oulu.fi/~spaceweb/textbook/sun.html, 533
Visible Light Waves http://imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/visible.html, 534

Unit R: The Atom and the Photoelectric Effect 
The Discovery of the Electron http://www.aip.org/history/electron/, 540
Ernest Rutherford http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1908/rutherford-bio.html, 541
X-Ray Diffraction http://www.webmineral.com/help/XrayDiffraction.shtml, 542
Max von Laue http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1914/laue-bio.html, 542
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1901/rontgen-bio.html, 542
Henri Becquerel http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1903/becquerel-bio.html, 542
William Bragg http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html, 542
Robert A. Millikan http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1923/millikan-bio.html, 545
Marie Curie http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1903/marie-curie-bio.html, 543
Pierre Curie http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1903/pierre-curie-bio.html, 543
Irène Joliot-Curie http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1935/joliot-curie-bio.html, 543
The Discovery of the Electron http://www.aip.org/history/electron/, 544
Einstein—Image and Impact http://www.aip.org/history/einstein/, 545
Niels Bohr http://nobelprize.org/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html, 548
Energy Production in the Sun by Nuclear Fusion http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~soper/Sun/fusion.html